UMA- IELTS Essay-Writing

UMA- IELTS Essay-Writing MA (ESL), Uni of Hawaii, USA (1987 - 1989). Y.E.S. International English Language Education Center.
(1)

17/07/2026

Some Exercises for IAWT2 (4) + (5)
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Previous 3 Sentences

1. It is certainly true that the use of private cars has greatly increased, but it is also true that not all the effects of the increase are positive.
2. A common criticism of the increase in the number of private cars on the road is that firstly, it causes air pollution.
3. This is because cars emit exhaust, which contains Carbon Dioxide, and which is the cause of air pollution.

Sentence 4

(1) [Since / Therefore / Although] the increase in the number of cars (2) [mean / means / meaning] the increase in the (3) [number / amount] of CO2 in the air, (4) [this / that / thus] further causes people to get respiratory diseases.

Sentence 5

(1) [Other / Another / The other] objection to the increase in the number of cars on the road (2) [is / are] the higher incidence of traffic jams. (3) [Because / Because of / As a result], much valuable time (4) [is wasting / is wasted / wastes] on the road.

16/07/2026

Answer to Some Exercises for IAWT2 (3)
--------------------------------------------------
Following Sentences 1 and 2.

3.
(1) [That is / This is / While] because cars emit exhaust, which (2) [contain / contains / containing] Carbon Dioxide, and (3) [it is / that is / which is] the cause of air pollution.

1. + 3.
That is:
points backward to something
already mentioned; indicates a mental
distance in time or with the speaker;
used to clarify a point (i.e.)

This is:
Reference PN 'this': Referring back to Sentence 2.

Which is:
Relative Clause

While:
Subordinating Conjunction of Concession/Contrast Sub-Clause

1. Answer: This is
3. Answer: which is

2. Answer: Agreement
exhaust, which contains

This is because cars emit exhaust, which contains Carbon Dioxide, and which is the cause of air pollution.
(which......, and which.....)

Previous Sentences

1. It is certainly true that the use of private cars has greatly increased,
but it is also true that not all the effects of the increase are positive.
2. A common criticism of the increase in the number of private cars on the road is that firstly, it causes air pollution.
3. This is because cars emit exhaust, which contains Carbon Dioxide, and which is the cause of air pollution.

15/07/2026

Some Exercises for IAWT2 (3)
--------------------------------------------------

3.
(1) [That is / This is / While] because cars emit exhaust which (2) [contain / contains / containing] Carbon Dioxide, and (3) [it is / that is / which is] the cause of air pollution.

15/07/2026

Answer Key to Some Exercises for IAWT2 (2)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Choose the most appropriate word/phrase in the square brackets to form the correct sentence. Why is it the correct choice?

2.
(1) [A / The / Zero article] common criticism of the increase (2)[ in / of / by] the number of private cars on the road (3)[ is that / are that ] (4 ) [at first / First / firstly,] (5) [it / they ] (6) [cause / causes] air pollution.

1. A - indefinite article
A + (common) criticism
A common criticism of + N
A common academic expression
used in Opinion Essays to
introduce an oposing viewpoint
Full expression:
A common criticism of + N + is +
'that' Clause
​ A more formal/academic use
meaning:
​ "Many people object to X because
of + N."
​ The word "common" implies that it
is a widespread, recognized
objection.
​ Can be used to set up a
counter-argument followed by
'However,'
​
​2. Preposition - in
Common Phrasal Verb
'increase in' = 'increase' where?
Complex Noun Phrase
NP + Prepositional Phrase
an increase in the number of + N
Academic transformation of
"Lots more cars"

3. is (Linking Verb) + 'that' Clause
Subject + is + 'that' Clause

4. 'at first' - for describing an initial state or feeling that changed later; to contrasts the beginning of a situation with what happened afterward.
'First' -for listing points in chronological sequences as in recipes or instructions.
'firstly,' - for listing arguments in formal essays, to indicate the first (supporting) idea/argument in a list, usually found in Body Paragraphs.

​ 5. PN - it
referring to 'the increase'

6. SVA - causes
Subject - 'it'

Answer:
A common criticism of the increase in the number of private vehicles on the road is that firstly, it causes air pollution.

14/07/2026

Teaching/Learning Writing နဲ့ပတ်သက်လို့

ကျနော်တို့ ဆရာ/ဆရာမတွေအနေနဲ့ English Essay (ဥပမာ၊ IELTS Academic Essay) ရေးကြတဲ့အခါ idea တွေ၊ organisation တွေ၊ linking တွေ၊ topic vocab တွေ၊
collocation တွေ၊ set phrases (fixed expressions) တွေ၊ synonyms တွေ၊ grammatical items တွေ၊ sentence structures တွေ၊ complex structures တွေကို မှန်မှန်ကန်ကန်နဲ့ဆီလျော်ထိရောက်အောင်သုံးစွဲရေးတတ်ကြတယ်။
တပည့်တွေကို Writing (ဥပမာ၊ IELTS Academic Writing ၊ Cambridge A1 to C2 Writing ၊ Grade 12 Writing) သင်ကြားပို့ချရာမှာလည်း အထက်ပါ components ပါဝင်ပစ္စည်းတွေကိုသင်ကြားပေးရတာဖြစ်တယ်။ ဒါပေမယ့် အောင်မြင်တာရှိတယ်၊ မအောင်မြင်တာရှိတယ်။ အထိုက်အလျှောက်တွေ၊ အတိုင်းအတာတွေရှိတယ်။ ကိုယ်ပို့ချလိုက်တိုင်း သင်ယူသူဟာ 'အောင်မြင်စွာ' သင်ယူပြီး 'အောင်မြင်စွာသုံးစွဲရေးသားတတ်သွားတယ်' ဆိုရင် ဂုဏ်ယူလိုက်ပေါ့။ ဟုတ်၊ မဟုတ်ပြန်စစ်ဆေးပေါ့။ Exam result လေးဘာလေးလည်းမေးကြည့်ဦးပေါ့။ ဒါသဘောပြောပြတာပါ။
တကယ်ဆို Writing သင်ရတာမလွယ်ပါဘူး။ ပို့ချသူဘက်က ပြဌာန်းစာအုပ်အတိုင်းတိကျစွာလိုက်နာပြီးသင်ကြားသွားတာ 'အောင်မြင်'ပေမယ့် သင်ယူသူဘက်က တစ်ခုခုလေး သေးသေးလေး လွဲကြည့်လိုက်၊ အကုန်လွဲချော်ကုန်တော့တာပဲ။ သင်ယူမှုပိုင်းမှာမအောင်မြင်ဘူးပေါ့။ Effective Teaching = Successful Learning လို့ 100% ပြောမရတာလည်းပါတာပေါ့​လေ။ တကယ့်ကို complex ဖြစ်တဲ့ learning ကိစ္စ။ language learning နဲ့ skill learning လာထပ်နေတာ။
ပို့ချရာမှာလည်းဘာမှတိတိကျကျအာမခံပြောလို့မရတာတွေရှိတယ်။ ထိရောက်မှု အတိုင်းအတာတွေရှိမယ်။ လူပေါ်မူတည်မယ်။ သင်ကြားမှု/သင်ယူမှုဝန်းကျင်အနေအထားတွေရှိမယ်။ နည်း/တက္ကနိ ရွေးချယ်မှုတွေရှိမယ်။ Every new class brings new problems as well as new opportunities ဆိုသလိုပေါ့လေ။
ဒီကြားထဲ time constraints ကလာဦးမယ်။ limited resource ကိစ္စကရှိသေးတယ်။ ရိုးစင်းတဲ့ဥပမာပေးရရင် IAWT2 သင်ရာမှာ ယုံယုံကြည်ကြည်သုံးလို့ရတဲ့ ဘယ် Model Essay တွေကို ဘယ်ကရနိုင်မှာလဲ။ Band 9 Essays လို့ခေါင်းစဥ်တပ်ပြီး စစ်လိုက်ရင် Criteria ၄ခုစလုံးမှာ 5 ၊ လွန်ရော 6 or 6.5 လောက်ပဲရနိုင်မယ့် 'ဖြီးဖြန်းရွှီးရွှမ်း' တွေ။ IELTSLiz ပဲအားကိုးရမလား၊ Advantage လား၊ Mentor လား၊ Jacky လား၊ Fiona လား၊ Chat လား၊ Gemini လား၊ စသည်ဖြင့်။ (တစ်ယောက်ယောက်တော့ IAWT2 Model Essays ထုတ်ရင်အကျိုးရှိမယ်ထင်ပါတယ်။ ဆဲရင်လည်း တိတိကျကျ ချက်ကျလက်ကျဆဲတတ်ဖို့ပေါ့။ အဲဒါလည်းအကျိုးရှိပါတယ်။ At least, one knows the Assessment Criteria and the Band Scores/ Band Descriptors well)။ ပြီးရင် 'နည်း'။ ဘယ် 'နည်း'နဲ့သင်မလဲပေါ့။ Product Approach? Process Approach? Product-Process Approach? Genre Approach? Model Approach? Skills-based? Communicative tasks? Discrete items? Lexical chunks? Drilling? Memorising? etc., etc, etc.
ပြီးရင် delivery ပိုင်းမှာ face-to-face mode လား၊ online လား၊ blended လား။ 60 to 80 hours Writing Course သက်သက်လား၊ incidentally in a 40-hr. IELTS Preparation Course ထဲက 5 hrs ('hi-bye') လား။
သိသလောက်တတ်သလောက်လေးနဲ့ ဆက်လုပ်နေရတာပါပဲ။
ကြိုးစားရတာပဲပေါ့။ ဘယ်သူ့အတွက်မှမဟုတ်တောင် ကိုယ့်ကိုယ်ကိုယ် စိတ်ကျေနပ်ရဖို့၊ လိပ်ပြာလုံဖို့၊ သူတို့အတွက်အကျိုးရှိစေဖို့။
IAWT2 ဆိုပေမယ့် ဘယ် Writing မဆိုပြောပါတယ်။
အကြံကောင်းဥာဏ်ကောင်းပေးရင် အင်မတန်လက်ခံတတ်
သူပါခင်္ဗျ။

13/07/2026

Some Exercises for IAWT2 (2)
-------------------------------------------------

Choose the most appropriate word/phrase in the square brackets to form the correct sentence. Wht is it the correct choice?

2.
(1) [A / The / Zero article] common criticism of the increase (2)[ in / of / by] the number of private cars on the road (3)[ is that / are that ] (4 ) [at first / First / firstly,] (5) [it / they ] (6) [cause / causes] air pollution.

13/07/2026

Answer to Some Exercises for IAWT2 (1)
-------------------------------------------------------------------

Choose the most appropriate word/phrase
in the square brackets to form the correct sentence. Why is it the correct choice?

1. (1) [There is / It is / While] certainly true (2)[of / which / that] the use of private cars (3)[has / have] greatly increased (4)[full stop / comma / semi-colon] (5) [But / but that is / but it is] also true that not all the (6) [affects / effects] of the increase (7) [is / are] positive.

1.
1. There is = expresses existence of something
e.g.,.There is ample evidence to prove that...
It is = indicates opinion / attitude
It is + (Adv) + Adj + 'that' Clause
Formal use: e.g.,
Many people think that...
It is generally believed that....
While = Dependent Clause Marker DCM
Subordinating Conjunction
To show Concession / Contrast
'that' = conjunction / connector / connects the
Sub Clause to the Main Clause
It is certainly true + that +
The use of private cars has greatly increased.

2. 'that' Noun Clause
'that' + Sentence

3. SVA = Subject-Verb Agreement

4. 2 Sentences combined with a Coordinating
Conjunction 'but', which requires a comma.
Sentence 1, Conjunction + Sentence 2
'fanboys' coordinating conjunctions
for / and / nor / but / or / yet / so

5. A full stop would be inaccurate here as the
whole sentence is a Compound Sentence
consisting of 2 Independent Clauses connected
by a coordinating Conjunction 'but'.
In the same way, a semi-colon would be out of
place.
Never start a sentence with And, But, So
Formal-Academic Rule
Parallelism: same structure repeated:
'It is true that'.....'it is (also) true that...'

6. Verb and Noun
affects // effects

7. SVA

Answer:

It is certainly true that the use of private cars
has greatly increased, but it is also true that
not all the effects of the increase are positive.

It is certainly true that
the use of private cars
has greatly increased,
but
it is also true that
not all the effects of the increase
are positive.

'It is certainly true that.... , but it is also true that...'
structure is used to show opposing ideas/situations. It is similar to
'While/Although..... , ........' Structure.

12/07/2026

Some Exercises for IAWT2 (1 - 11)
---------------------------------------------------------

Choose the most appropriate word/phrase
in the square brackets to form the correct sentence. Why is it the correct choice?

1. (1) [There is / It is / While] certainly true (2)[of / which / that] the use of private cars (3)[has / have] greatly increased (4)[full stop / comma / semi-colon] (5) [But / but that is / but it is] also true that not all the (6) [affects / effects] of the increase (7) [is / are] positive.

မျက်နှာကြီးကအရမ်းတည်တာပဲလို့ပြောတတ်ကြတယ်။မတည်လို့ဘယ်လိုနေရမှာလဲလို့။ခပ်တည်တည်ပဲ လို့။I'm serious. I don't stand nonsense...
11/07/2026

မျက်နှာကြီးကအရမ်းတည်တာပဲလို့ပြောတတ်ကြတယ်။

မတည်လို့ဘယ်လိုနေရမှာလဲလို့။

ခပ်တည်တည်ပဲ လို့။

I'm serious. I don't stand nonsense လို့။

ပေါတောတောတွေလာမလုပ်နဲ့ လို့။

I ပဲလုပ်မယ် လို့ ။ Heee.....

11/07/2026

Thank you all for attending my presentation at Times City yesterday.
Hope you weren't excruciatingly bored.
My gratitude especially goes to MmTESOL and MOE.
Keep up the good work, guys (oops, sorry. Must learn to be more formal) my dear esteemed colleagues.

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